Transmethylation
During transmethylation, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) influences nerve-cell communication by increasing the activity of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine
and serotonin. SAM-e also methylates phospholipids, which facilitate nerve-cell
communication by maintaining the integrity of cell-wall structure and the fluidity of
cell membranes. Phospholipids play an important role in many events occurring
within the cell membrane and may be responsible for enzymatic and bioelectrical
activity across membranes.
Aminopropylation
During aminopropylation, polyamines are produced, which are essential to cell and tissue growth and which may reduce inflammation and pain associated with
osteoarthritis. Polyamines are thought to protect proteoglycans from enzyme attack,
thereby helping to maintain the health of joint cartilage and reduce the effects of
osteoarthritis. Polyamine synthesis is also responsible for cell growth and
differentiation, gene expression, and neuron regeneration.
Transsulfuration
During transsulfuration, SAM-e stimulates the incorporation of sulfate into proteoglycans, which protect living joint tissue and maintain cartilage health. During
this process, cysteine and glutathione are created, both of which have
anti-inflammatory effects that may help explain SAM-e's effectiveness in supporting
joint health. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps to eliminate cytotoxic
free radicals from the body.
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